Home Glossary Model Parallelism

Model Parallelism - Page 2

Model parallelism distributes different parts of a neural network across multiple devices. It is used when a model, its activations, or optimizer state cannot fit in the memory of one accelerator. Pipeline parallelism assigns groups of layers to different devices, while tensor parallelism divides calculations within individual layers. These approaches enable much larger models but introduce communication, synchronization, scheduling, and debugging complexity. Poor partitioning can leave hardware idle or make data transfer the bottleneck. Model parallelism is often combined with data parallelism and memory-saving techniques. The best configuration depends on architecture, sequence length, batch size, interconnect speed, numerical precision, and the balance between training throughput and inference latency.